With the rapid development of analytical techniques, especially the in situ Lu-Hf, Rb-Sr, U-Pb, fission-track, and (U-Th)/He dating of garnet, zircon, apatite, and other accessory minerals, several important geological issues have been successfully resolved or re-determined in the past decade. Among these, the precise temporal evolution and duration of magmatism and mineralized processes, as well as the uplift and exhumation history of mineral deposits and basins within orogenic belts and cratons, can assist the exploration of mineral and petroleum resources. Moreover, in situ mineral-scale trace element concentrations could also be simultaneously determined using LA-ICP-MS in situ accessory mineral dating. This would provide new perspectives on the formation and evolution of major geological objects via integration with corresponding ages. Although previous studies have focused on most scientific issues of magmatism, mineralization, and tectonic evolution in different geological objects, several aspects of these investigations have not previously shown agreement. This Special Issue collects contributions related to the field of petrology, mineralogy, and mineral deposits as well as sedimentology and tectonics based on state-of-the-art analytical techniques. This reprint will contribute to a better understanding of scientific issues of magmatism, mineralization, and tectonic evolution in different geological objects.