This book focuses on the most recent developments in bioremediation techniques and what the future holds for bioremediation in order to reduce the amount of pollution in the world. This book serves as a valuable resource for policy makers, teachers, researchers, climatologists, and undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, forestry, ecology, soil science, and environmental sciences. Both industries and anthropogenic activities generate pollutants of different types which have affected human health and have destroyed biodiversity at multiple levels. They largely consist of personal care and pharmaceuticals products produced by different industries. Most of these emergent contaminants cannot be removed by conventional water treatment procedures and are released in surface water. They further contaminate groundwater, soil, sediments and oceans. More efficient and improved treatment systems are required to remove such emerging contaminants. Various microbes can play crucial role in bioremediation by elimination, degradation, detoxification, and immobilization of pollutants. Most of these microbes are versatile in nature and can survive in a wide range of environmental conditions. Furthermore, they can be applied to different pollutants. Microbial degradation and bioremediation can be considered as useful and effective treatment options for emerging pollutants.