This book explores the latest development on bioremediation techniques of wastewater pollutants using microbes. They can be used to valorize nutrients from wastewater systems and produce biodiesel, bioethanol and other biofuels. Furthermore, polymers such as poly hydroxybutyric acids and other extra cellular polysaccharides obtained from these microbes can also be utilized for the production of bioplastics, different biopolymers and biosurfactants. The book is divided into three parts, including (1) bioremediation by microbes, (2) resource recovery by microbes and (3) genomics and proteomics associated with bioremediation. The volume is a valuable resource for researchers, students, academicians and policymakers in the field of wastewater treatment.