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The relationship between China and Russia has varied from peace to conflict throughout the course of their history. However, since 1991 following the fall of the Soviet Union, as each nation sought for global relevance, Sino-Russian interactions have increased and relations have improved in a consistent upswing. Together, these nations are shaping a modern strategic partnership that is quickly shifting into a bona fide alliance with substantial regional influence in Asia, Africa, Eurasia, and the Middle East. The United States recognized the competitive and ideologically aligned spirit of these noted great powers in the 2017 National Security Strategy, posturing a whole-of-society approach towards protecting U.S. national security and interests. While presenting the historical relevance of their relationships and the importance of leadership to envision and drive a strategic direction, this monograph posits that the United States should actively posture itself by advancing democracy, supporting and strengthening partnerships, and employing instruments of power in an effort to stymie authoritarian influence and desires to shift the international order.This compilation also includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.1. Introduction * 2. Part I. Significant History of Sino-Russian Relations * Asymmetrical Win-Win: The 17th and 18th Centuries * Ideological Influence and Diversion: 1917-1979 * Rapprochement: 1989-2001 * The New Era: Shaping a Modern Sino-Russian Alliance * Shaping a Sustained Partnership: The Influence of Putin and Jinping * 3. Part II. Managing the Sino-Russian Alliance * Sustain and Strengthen International Influence * Secure Existing Partnerships and Agreements * Maximize Russia's Europeanness * Minimize China's Asian Influence * 4. ConclusionThe present Sino-Russian strategic partnership is fastened together by shared authoritarian ideology, and diplomatic and security agreements in place since