This special edition highlights recent advancements in investigations into materials science and technology development, focusing on pivotal features shaping the progress of modern industry and is a helping resource for researchers, engineers, and students whose activity is related to the mentioned fields of engineering. Melanin, Extraction, Biodiesel, Ultrasonic Cavitation, Electrochemical Water Treatment, Silicene Nanoribbons, Polymer, Biopolymer, Composite, Biocomposite, Metal Matrix Composite, Mechanical Properties, Thermal Properties, 3D Printing Filament Materials Science, Bioscience and Medicine, Mechanics.