Topics in this book range from mathematical theories to probabilistic analysis of structures in civil engineering. Mathematical background is first covered including: probabilistic and possibilistic conceptualization of uncertainty, the algebraic structure of conditional reasoning, uncertainty modeling in anticipatory systems, reasoning by hypothesizing causal models, fuzzy sets and truth functionality. The second part deals with expert systems and neuronal structures and includes papers on expert appraisement and counter-appraisement with experton processes, the management of uncertainty, transferable belief models for expert judgement, fuzzy neural expert systems, and inverse dynamic adaptive control. Of particular interest is the last section which deals with applications in engineering. The articles presented here show just how far this field has progressed from theory to practice. They deal with such topics as the prediction of earthquake ground motion and structural responses, bridge ratings, safety and reliability evaluations of transmission lines, and transportation.