This volume comprises a collection of papers selected from submissions made to the International Conference on Surface Finishing Technology & Surface Engineering (ICSFT2010); one of the academic conferences instigated by the Chinese Committee for Surface Finishing Technology of CMES (Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society), held in Guangzhou, China, from the 5th to 7th November, 2010. The aim of ICSFT2010 was to offer an opportunity to bring together academic researchers and industrial technologists for the purpose of exchanging information on the latest developments and applications in advanced surface engineering and surface finishing technologies, and to promote friendly and interdisciplinary research collaborations. The work offers interesting insights into the topic.