This report summarises relevant evidence about high-profile integrated systems in the United States, such as Kaiser Permanente and Geisinger Health System and outlines examples of integrated care in North America and Europe for particular groups, such as older people or patients with long-term conditions; for example, the integrated health and social care teams in Torbay. It also explores the range of approaches to improving co-ordination for individual patients and carers; for example, the Care Programme Approach in mental health. The report focuses on examples that are most relevant to the NHS in England in the context of the coalition government's programme.o inform the future direction of reform.