Through a comprehensive sociological examination of foreign language education within Chinese universities, Xu focuses on the intricate dynamics between teaching and research, economic considerations, and individual and community interactions. Through nine qualitative studies, the book explores the underlying structures and processes that shape the experiences of faculty members and the evolution of language education policies. It offers detailed insights into the sociological structures and hierarchies within foreign language education in China’s universities and uncovers how economic motives influence policy development and institutional practices in higher education. The content uses rich, qualitative case studies to provide real-world insights into the lived experiences of faculty members. The book explores the implications of policy and practice through a critical sociological lens, offering a unique viewpoint on language education. This book is essential reading for scholars and students of language education and language policy. It will also appeal to policymakers, university administrators, and educators interested in the complexities of foreign language education in China and the broader implications for higher education systems worldwide.