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A Survey Of Contemporary Chinese Intellectuals. Intro -- Intellectuals At A Crossroads -- Contents -- List Of Tables And Figures -- List Of Abbreviations -- Foreword By Merle Goldman -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction: Toward A Political Sociology Of China's Intellectuals -- Four Types Of Intellectuals And Four Political Roles -- The Ideological Foundations Of Intellectuals' Political Roles -- Ethical Dilemmas Facing Intellectuals -- The Chinese Intellectual: A Typology -- Conclusions -- 2. From Uniformity To Fragmentation: Intellectuals In The Mao Era (1949- 1976) And In The First Deng Period (1977-1989) -- A High Degree Of Uniformity With Limited Resistance: The Mao Era (1949-1976) -- The Beginning Of Fragmentation: The First Deng Period (1977-1989) -- Conclusions -- 3. Critical Intellectuals -- The Social Environment After 1989 -- The Critical Intellectual Discourses -- The Democracy Movement -- Other Social Critics: Some Examples -- Conclusions: The Politics Of Critical Intellectuals -- 4. Bourgeoisified And Professionalized Intellectuals -- The Bourgeoisification Of Intellectuals -- The Professionalization Of Intellectuals -- 5. Social Class And Organic Intellectuals -- Class And The Class Structure In Formation -- Organic Intellectuals -- Conclusions: Contradictory Class Locations Of Organic Intellectuals -- 6. Intellectuals As A Class -- Are Intellectuals A Class? -- Chinese Intellectuals As A Class -- The Elitist Flaw Of The Intellectual Class -- Conclusions -- 7. Summary And Conclusion: The Future Of China's Intellectuals -- The Changing Politics Of China's Knowledge Workers -- The Future Of China's Intellectuals -- Appendix: A Note On The Concept Of The Intellectual -- Transition From Literati To Intellectuals: The Chinese Story -- Transition From Philosophers To Intellectuals: The Western Story -- Definitions Of The Modern Intellectual -- Notes -- Preface. Chapter One -- Chapter Two -- Chapter Three -- Chapter Four -- Chapter Five -- Chapter