This book contains peer-reviewed papers presented at the 10th International Conference on Materials Science (ICMS2021) held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, on November 19-20, 2021, focusing on the study of structure, properties, and applications of new materials as well as techniques of materials characterization. The conference was organized by the Mongolian Physical Society, the National University of Mongolia, the Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Inner Mongolia Normal University (China), and the Institute of Physical Material Science, SB RAS (Russia). Absorption, Alloy, Anode Material, Bimetallic Nanocatalyst, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic Structure, Magnetization Dynamics, Molecular Structure, Photoluminescence Properties, Photophysical Properties, Quantum Well, Sol-Gel Synthesis, Solid Electrolyte, Steel, Thin Film Materials Science, Nanoscience, Environmental Engineering.