Cyber attacks, both on national infrastructures and private companies, have ramped up exponentially in recent years. AI tools and algorithms can help detect and fend off cyber threats, but they can also be used by hackers in their cyber attacks. Defensive measures to address cyber attacks are not sufficient for artificial intelligence-based architectures, which present a new range of challenges. This new volume takes these concerns into consideration and examines recent developments and issues in attacks that target AI based systems and cyber infrastructures while also presenting research on using AI technologies to prevent attacks.