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This research evaluated the effectiveness of courses run under the National Driver Improvement Scheme (NDIS), which is offered in a number of regions by the police as an alternative to court prosecution for the offence of driving without due care and attention. NDIS courses provide retraining to drivers and consist of taught classroom sessions on driving theory and on-road practical driving under the supervision of an instructor. Courses may be offered to offenders with full driving licenses who satisfy particular criteria and who are prepared to pay the course fee. Although there was evidence of a modest improvement in attitudes towards safe driving for those who attend the course compared with a similar control group, it was not felt that this translated into improved driving performance on the road. The lack of impact on subsequent accidents and careless driving offences reported elsewhere, support the conclusion that attending NDIS courses has only a modest impact on attitudes, and this is not strong enough to translate into safety gains. Modification of NDIS courses in order to improve their effectiveness may be warranted.