Interdisciplinary education is the future trend in global K-12 curriculum reform, and all K-12 subject teachers should be prepared to meet the challenges it presents. This book aims to explore the competence structure that K-12 teachers need to effectively design and implement interdisciplinary education from a general perspective of subject integration. Drawing on relevant theories from interdisciplinary education and teacher competence research, the book clarifies the fundamental connotations of teachers’ interdisciplinary teaching competence and identifies the key elements of this competence from an international perspective. It also examines the transformation pathways for teachers from subject-specific teaching to interdisciplinary teaching based on China’s national curriculum framework. On this basis, the book constructs a framework for K-12 teachers’ interdisciplinary teaching competence and applies it to the cultivation of interdisciplinary teaching staff, guiding the design of assessment tools, improvement strategies, and training programs for enhancing interdisciplinary teaching competence. The book will encourage teachers from different disciplines to participate in the design and implementation of interdisciplinary teaching, thereby promoting the sustainable development of interdisciplinary education. Global educators and researchers interested in interdisciplinary education, competence framework development, teacher professional development, and Chinese education will find valuable insights in this book.