Lubricating oil plays an important role in equipment. With the requirement of high speed, heavy load, lubricating oil still cannot fully meet the requirements of advanced equipment. In this book, our aim is to achieve low cost, high quality and intelligent method to analysis the oil condition and develop high performance lubricating oil. Part 1 (Unit 1-7) combined road tests, oil analysis with data analysis method to study motor oil deterioration characteristics of civilian cars in typical urban traffic condition. The evaluation and testing methods of motor oil remaining useful life were proposed. Part 2 (Unit 8-12) studied the thermal oxidation behavior of ester oils, designing and preparing high-efficiency antioxidants are the key to improving the anti-oxidation ability of ester oils and prolonging their service life.