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"The costs of insufficient cash, referred to as "ripple effects," are discussed in detail. They arise because the firm is unable to invest in value-enhancing projects, must raise expensive external capital, or is forced to sell assets. Firms with the greatest potential to experience ripple effects include those with good investment opportunities, long-lasting products, unique assets, opaque operations, and high correlation with peers. Those firms should project future cash distributions, because it is cheaper and easier to remedy a predicted cash shortage before it occurs"--