Additionally, the study reveals discrepancies in ocean salinity variability and a significant increase in salinification in the upper ocean since 2015. These spurious signals are prominent in the Tropics and the Southern Hemisphere below 300 meters, extending as deep as 2000 meters. By comparing data-constrained and process-based ECCO estimates, the study further explores the dynamical basis for the substantial increase in salinity after 2015. The findings highlight the limitations of Argo-based data products in explaining these signals and the need for further investigations to improve our understanding of ocean dynamics and enhance the interpretability of observations.