The book is a by-product of a major project supported under this contract entitled: 'Military Implications of Change - Communist China'. In this book the author describes the traditional Chinese medical system; traces the spread of modern medicine in China and its effects on the theories and practice of Chinese medicine; and discusses the socio-political implications of the issue in Communist China. The Chinese struggle over adoption of modern medicine is shown to reflect those tensions engendered by the often conflicting claims of cultural nationalism and reverence for modern science. (Author).