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Overview of Basic Design Principles 1 1-1 General Considerations, 1 1-2 Tolerance Requirements and Calculations, 5 1-3 Basic Device Tolerances, 14 1-4 Principles of Power Dissipation, 16 1-5 Law of Probability, 23 1-6 Audio Design Pitfalls, 25 1-7 Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Approval, 27 1-8 Black-Box Concept, 29 1-9.Basic Types of Distortion, 29 1-10 Phon and Mel Units, 34 1-11 Low-Frequency Boost, 35 1-12 Presence Control, 37 Fundamentals of Audio Circuit Design 39 2-1 Basic RC Circuitry, 39 2-2 Input Impedance of an RC Section, 48 2-3 Output Impedance of an RC Section, 49 2-4 Filter Output Voltage, 53 2-5 Frequency Response of Cascaded RC Sections, 55 2-6 RC Bandpass Filter Characteristics. 57 2-7 RC Band-Elimination (Notch) Filter, 59 2-8 Active High/Low-Pass RC Filter Network, 61 Principles of Audio Amplifier Design 65 3-1 General Considerations, 65 3-2 Fundamental Amplifier Design Procedures, 67 3-3 Preamplification versus Power Amplification, 74 3-4 Transistor Load Lines, 78 3-5 Negative-Feedback Principles, 89 3-6 Multistage Negative-Feedback Relations, 104 3-7 Transistor Parameter Variation, 108 3-8 Production Cost Tradeoffs, 109 3-9 Notes on Musical and Speech Wave Forms, 112 3-10 Saturation Currents, 113 3-11 Bootstrapping Method of Feedback, 114 3-12 Frequency Response of Cascaded Stages, 116 Amplifier Bias Stabilization Methods 117 4-1 General Considerations, 117 4-2 Bias Stabilizing Circuits, 123 4-3 Thermistor Stabilization, 131 4-4 Diode Bias Stabilization Circuits, 135 4-5 Transistor Bias Stabilization Circuits, 141 4-6 Temperature Compensation by Breakdown (Zener) Diodes, 146 Audio Power Amplifiers 151 5-l General Considerations, 151 5-2 Output-Transformers Power Amplifiers, 153 5-3 Transformer Phase Inverters. |53 5-4 Quasi-Complementary Power Amplifiers, 156 5-5 Directly Coupled Loud, 161 5-6 Full Complementary Output Arrangement, 166 5-7 Examples of Innovative Circuit Design, 177 Speaker Circuitry 183 6-1 Speaker Interconnections 183 6-2 Crossover Circuitry, 185 6-3 Speaker Phasing, 190 6-4 Connections for 70.7- and 25-Volt Speaker Sys- tems, 191 Basic Telephone circuitry 7-1 General Considerations, 195 7-2 Phantom Circuits, 201 7-3 Loading Principles, 202 7-4 Repeaters, 203 7-5 Return Los, 205 Glossary Appendix 1 Resistor Color Code Appendix 2 Capacitor Color Code Appendix 3 Diode Polarity Identification Appendix 4 Electronic Indistries Associations (EIA) Preferred Values for Resistors Appendix 5 EIA Preferred Values for Electrolytic Capacitors Appendix 6 Power Ratios, Voltage Ratios and Decibel Values Appendix 7 Symbols for Field-Effect Transistors Appendix 8 Relation of Distortion to Positive Feedback and to Negative Feedback