This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Provides an overview of small-scale bioassay techniques and applications in use around the world; covers methods with a wide range of species, from bacteria to fish and amphibians, and emphasizes current, state-of-the-art, biochemical, whole-organism and automated techniques; presents the combined knowledge of internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions in universities, government, and industry; and 44 chapters cover relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.