This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 24th International Conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming, DNA 24, held in Jinan, China, in October 2018. The 12 full papers presented were carefully selected from 14 submissions. Research in DNA computing aims to draw together mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology to address the analysis, design, and synthesis of information-based molecular systems. The papers were sought in all areas related to biomolecular computing, including: algorithms and models for computation on biomolecular systems; computational processes in vitro and in vivo; molecular switches, gates, devices, and circuits; molecular folding and self-assembly of nanostructures; analysis and theoretical models of laboratory techniques; molecular motors and molecular robotics; information storage; studies of fault tolerance and error correction; software tools for analysis, simulation, and design; synthetic biology and in vitro evolution; and applications in engineering, physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine.