Author Description

The 'golden Age' Of The Welfare State In Europe Was Characterised By A Strengthening Of Social Rights As Citizens Became Increasingly Protected Through The Collective Provision Of Income Security And Social Services. The Oil Crisis, Inflation And High Unemployment Of The 1970s Largely Saw The End Of Welfare Expansion With Critical Voices Claiming The Welfare State Had Created An Unbalanced Focus On The Social Rights Of Individuals, Above Their Responsibilities As Citizens. During The 1980s Many Western Countries Developed Contractual Modes Of Thinking And Regulation Within Welfare Policy. Contractualism Has Proved A Significant Organising Principle For Public Reforms In General, And For Social Policy Reforms In Particular As It Embraces Both A Way Of Justifying Certain Welfare Policies And Of Constructing Specific Socio-legal Policy Instruments. Engaging With Both The Critique Of The Welfare State And The Subsequent Policy Responses, Expert Contributors In This Book Examine Contractualism As A Discourse, Comprising Principles And Justifying Ideas, And As A Legal And Social Practice. Covering The International Debate On Conditionality They Discuss European Experiences With Active Social Citizenship Ideas And Contractualism Providing Individual Case Studies And Comparisons From A Wide Range Of European Countries.-- Welfare Contractualism, Social Justice, And Republican Citizenship -- Contractualising Social Policies: A Way Towards More Active Social Citizenship And Enhanced Capabilities? -- Contractualism And Street-level Discretion In Norwegian Activation Policy -- From Collective To Individual Responsibility?: Changing Problem Definitions Of The Welfare State -- New Obligation Regimes In Welfare Policies: Comparing Germany And The Scandinavian Countries -- From Unilateral Towards Reciprocal Social Policies: The Changing Normative Basis Of The Danish Welfare State -- The Pension Contract: A Matter Of Obligations -- Contractualism And The Emergence Of A New Welfa