How do learners move from the known to the unknown? What is the significance of school learning? What is the role of the teacher in producing and improving learning? Learners and learning is the fourth module in the Study of education series, and it aims to enable teachers to analyse learning and reflect on what they can do to improve it. It draws on the learning theories of various writers, including Piaget and Vygotsky, and grounds these in examples, practical exercises, and case studies drawn from schools. This module includes an interactive learning guide, a reader, and an audiotape. The study of education series is a project of the South African institute for distance education (SAIDE). Aimed at formal and informal teacher education, this series presents valuable open-learning materials for use in distance education or in face-to-face teaching. Intended for use in colleges of education at diploma level, these modules may also be used with additional readings in higher or post- gr ad uate diploma couses.