This special edition brings together a collection of articles that explore advances in materials science and environmental sustainability. The focus is on three distinct research areas: aluminium alloy properties and processing technologies, polymers and composites, and waste recycling and soil contamination analysis. The presented comprehensive examinations of technological innovations in materials science, machinery and environmental safety, make this edition an essential resource for researchers and engineers striving for sustainable progress in the modern world. Aluminum Alloy, Extrusion, Mechanical Properties, Damage Behavior, Casting, Polymer, Composite, Ceramics, Ballistic Performance, Membrane, Soil Contamination, Waste Recycling Materials Science, Manufacturing, Mechanics.