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In front of the Justice and on the Sea, we are in the hands of God: The legal system of the imperial era in the light of the documentary evidences. Three tri-national conferences in the Villa Vigoni. The scientific view of Roman jurisdiction is still dominated by the two major law compilations from Late Antiquity, the Codices Theodosianus and Iustinianus. Especially Modern Roman legal historians base their descriptions mostly upon these sources. However, these compilations only allow an insight into the legal system at the time of their promulgation, that is to say the end of the Vth and the VIth century AD. Even for this period, the insight is more about the intended than the actual reality, about the norm rather than its application and the problems occurring by applying Roman law. However, jurisdiction was an important element, if not the most important one, of Roman rule in Italy and the provinces; representatives of Roman power were in charge of judgments for all significant litigations. Therefore, if Rome's subjects got into contact with Roman governors or other representatives, it was mostly during litigation. The large amount of epigraphical and papyrological documents published during the last century provides much more detailed and authentic information on the reality of the legal system, its strengths and weaknesses, especially during the High Empire, than both codices. Unfortunately, until recently, this documentation has not been much used by legal historians and other researchers in Roman government. Three conferences, which took place in the Villa Vigoni at Lake Como, aimed to initiate a detailed and comprehensive discussion of these sources by publishing new documents, providing overviews of the state of source material regarding different aspects of Roman jurisdiction and discussing these aspects in detailed studies. Specialists from Germany, Italy and France took part in these discussions according to the concept of tri-national conferences