Innovation capability in the context of developing countries is increasingly considered to be the ability to conceptualise, design, manufacture and sell products and processes that may not be totally new or original. This book attempts to measure this capability in terms of service and equipment innovation in one of the fastest growing sectors in the developing world, namely the telecommunications industry. Given its importance and technological specificities, certain developing countries such as Brazil, China, India and Korea have sought to build domestic capability using public policy instruments. However, deregulation and privatisation of the industry has changed the landscape of the domestic telecommunications sector, and the outcomes in each of the four countries have been very different.