Author Description

"... The creation and propagation of a critical text of the LXX/OG has been a basic concern in modern scholarship. The two great text editions begun in the early 20th century are the Cambridge Septuagint and the Gṯtingen Septuagint, each with a 'minor edition' (editio minor) and a 'major edition' (editio maior). For Cambridge this means respectively H.B. Swete, The Old Testament in Greek (1909-1922) and the so-called 'Larger Cambridge Septuagint' by A.E. Brooke, N. McLean, (and H. St. John Thackeray) (1906- ). For Gṯtingen it denotes respectively Alfred Rahlfs's Handausgabe (1935) and the 'Larger Gṯtingen Septuagint' (1931- ). Though Rahlfs (editio minor) can be called a semi-critical edition, the Gttingen Septuaginta (editio maior) presents a fully critical text, as described below. While both the Cambridge and Gṯtingen editions collect and organize textual evidence, they are based on different text-critical approaches. Whereas the Swete-Cambridge edition is 'diplomatic' (see below) the Rahlfs-Gṯtingen edition is expressly 'critical.' The difference between them did not, however, arise from any theoretical disagreement but, instead, from practical considerations. Whereas in the Cambridge view a critical edition of the LXX/OG was premature, Gṯtingen judged that its time had come. The Cambridge Septuagint project has since lapsed (1940), but the Gṯtingen editio maior continues. The central importance of critical editions in modern Septuagint Studies and their continued development is, therefore, not in doubt. Whereas a diplomatic edition uses as its base text a single, 'best' manuscript, to which other textual evidence is collated and organized into an apparatus, a critical text of the LXX/OG may be described as a collection of the oldest recoverable texts, carefully restored book by book (or section by section), aiming at achieving the closest approximation to the original translations (from Hebrew or Aramaic) or compositions (in Greek), systematically reconstructed from the widest array of relevant textual data (including controlled conjecture). The Gṯtingen Septuagint features two apparatuses (as does the Larger Cambridge Septuagint), the first for LXX/OG textual evidence proper and the second for so-called hexaplaric evidence, i.e. 'rival' translations/revisions of the translated LXX/OG (such as circulated under the labels 'Theodotion, ' 'Aquila, ' and 'Symmachus'), preserved largely through the influence of Origen's Hexapla. For LXX/OG research the importance of both apparatuses is second only to the critical text itself. Though in the nature of the case, the quest for each lost Greek original is without end, it is equally true that responsible research uses such critical texts as its starting point. Similarly, though the Greek original is not claimed to be superior to subsequent text-forms that have been generated (usually by revision of various sorts) in its transmission history, it nevertheless has logical as well as historical priority. It follows from the above that electronic tools aimed at facilitating research on the Septuagintal materials -- whether the LXX/OG as produced and published (the original text) or the LXX/OG as transmitted and received (i.e. its later history) -- ought to make use of the best available critical editions as base text rather than non-critical editions, a practice which would have a regressive effect on scholarship"--The International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies.