The analysis, development, and/or operation of high temperature processes that involve the production of ferrous and nonferrous metals, alloys, and refractory and ceramic materials are covered in the book. The innovative methods for achieving impurity segregation and removal, by-product recovery, waste minimization, and/or energy efficiency are also involved. Eight themes are presented in the book: 1: High Efficiency New Metallurgical Technology 2: Fundamental Research of Metallurgical Process 3: Alloy and Materials Preparation 4: Roasting, Reduction, and Smelting 5: Sintering of Ores and Powder 6: Simulation and Modeling 7: Treatment of Solid Slag/Wastes and Complex Ores 8: Microwave Heating, Energy, and Environment