The two-volume set CCIS 2530 and 2531 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Bio-Inspired Computing: Theories and Applications, BIC-TA 2024, held in Suzhou, China, during December 20–22, 2024. The 41 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 139 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Neural Computing, Evolutionary Computation, Bio-inspired Computing, and Applications.