Author Description

The Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) and Anxiety (HAM-A) scales are the most widely used instruments for measuring outcome in mood disorders. The Zung scales have also been widely used, especially in psychopharmacology; however, they have also been used to measure both negative and positive well-being in WHO studies in psychosomatic medicine. These scales were developed around three decades ago. In collaboration with Hamilton, the author has updated these scales to make them more applicable to the needs of health workers at all levels. The scoring sheets and the corresponding manuals of the scales are included along with the documentation of both internal (coherence) and external (discriminating and predictive) validity.