The book deals several aspects that include i) introduction and details of graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and graphene oxide-metal nanoparticles nanocomposites with highlights of its various applications in nanotechnology, ii) methods of preparation of graphene oxide, graphene oxide-silver nanoparticles nanocompostes (GO-AgNPs) and nitrogen-doped GO-AgNPs (N-GO-AgNPs, iii) details of our own experimental methods and results, iv) characterization of our experimental results using various standared methods, and v) a detail study of photoluminescence (PL) property of GO, GO-AgNPs and N-GO-AgNPs. The book also offers advantage for future prospects of research works in the related area. Graphene oxide based nanocomposites have potential applications in biological field and several other research fields that include biochemistry, optoelectronics, energy harvesting and storage devices. The book is beneficial for master students in physics, chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology, biotechnology and engineering.