This volume examines how development affects indigenous people in India, China, the Philippines, Indonesia, Lao PDR, and Vietnam, in a comparative perspective. It features multi-sited analyses, during and, of development projects in these countries over a period of about 15 years. The concept of development is approached in two ways: the first as improved well-being or welfare, and the second as the development of new capacities in production. The volume uses the results of, and lessons learnt, from these projects to look at broader issues of indigenous peoples' development. In doing so, it draws a framework for relevant future project design and implementation.