This volume of journal "Materials Science Forum" was collected by results of 19th International Symposium on Advances in Abrasive Technology (ISAAT 2016, Stockholm, Sweden, October 2-5, 2016) and intended to disseminate the recent advances in both conventional and nonconventional technologies of materials removal and covers many aspects of modern scientific and engineering practice in area of materials machining. Topics include: grinding and polishing, abrasive fine-finishing, micro- and nanomachining, ultrasonic and laser machining, surface integrity and materials characterization, as well as other advanced cutting technologies and etc. This book will be useful for academics and practicing engineers in advancement of the efficient materials removal technologies for modern mechanical engineering.