Author Description

This report is a systematic review and critical appraisal of the literature on the use of formal outpatient diabetes education as a therapeutic tool for self-management in the adult patients with type 2 diabetes. Formal patient diabetes education to promote self-management (PDE) at different levels of complexity and comprehensiveness has emerged from instructions by physicians, nurses, and dieticians in physicianþs offices and hospitals. Since 1990 there has been a shift from traditional approaches of PDE to focus on patient-centered perspectives, self-efficacy, self-management and empowerment issuses. Quantitatives research on the use of formal PDE as a therapeutic tool promote self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes has produced mixed results in terms of improved metabolic control and reduced risks for cardiovascular disease. The long-term diabetes control outcomes of formal PDE when used to promote self-management in adults with type 2 diabetes have yet to be established. Further investigations are needed to determine which types of programs or what components are most effective in improving the ability of adults with type 2 diabetes to self-manage their disease; or which category of patients might benefit most. Findnings from qualitative research studies helped to better understand the context in which formal PDE should be applied to be successful in promoting self-managemenet behaviors in adults with type 2 diabetes.