Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) has been most widely used in the treatment of brain metastases, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and acoustic neuromas. The two most common approaches to SRS use the Gamma Knife® (GK) or focused linear accelerator (LINAC). each delivers a focused beam of radiation to a tumour or malformation. The report confirms findings from other assessments that: the quality of the available evidence on SRS effectiveness is limited; there is insufficient information to determine the comparative effectiveness of the GK and LINAC approaches; data on comparison of SRS with other types of treatment are also limited; the GK approach is more expensive than using the LINAC; excellent quality assurance and placement of SRS in specialized centres are essential. The role of SRS in treatment of brain metastases is still not well defined. SRS for AVMs may be appropriate for selected patients and a good option for those who are not eligible for surgery. SRS has a place in the treatment of acoustic neuroma. However, surgery or observation are management options for many patients.