This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence, ICPRAI 2020, which took place in Zhongshan, China, in October 2020. The 49 full and 14 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers were organized in topical sections as follows: handwriting and text processing; features and classifiers; deep learning; computer vision and image processing; medical imaging and applications; and forensic studies and medical diagnosis.