The purpose of these essays is to mine the complexity and expressive richness of still life, traditionally considered one of the lesser genres. Though theorists have commented on its appeal since antiquity, the status of still life has risen significantly only recently, as the priorities of art history and criticism have been reordered to validate areas outside the canon of traditional inquiry. Here six distinguished scholars interpret a wide range of still lifes, using diverse current methods, including paleoethnobotanical research (which makes it possible to reconstruct diets), social history, technical examinations, and material culture studies. The introduction provides a historiography of still life with an emphasis on the twentieth century. Reindert Falkenburg's essay is "Matters of Taste: Pieter Aertsen's Market Scenes, Eating Habits, and Pictorial Rhetoric in the Sixteenth Century," Anne Lowenthal's, "Contemplating Kalf," Julia Ballerini's "Recasting Ancestry: Statuettes as Imaged by Three Inventors of Photography," and Doreen Bolger's "The Early Rack Paintings of John F. Peto: `Beneath the Nose of the Whole World.'" Petra ten-Doesschate Chu writes on Vincent van Gogh's still lifes and the nineteenth-century vignette tradition; and Nan Freeman, on Tom Wesselmann and still-life painting and American culture, circa 1962. In view of the current interest in still life, the publication of this book is ideally timed. Cumulatively, the six essays alert the reader to the myriad meanings carried by still lifes and the diverse ways in which those meanings can be studied.