Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1 Reading the word, reading the world -- Many routes to literacy -- The scope and organization of this book -- 2 Multilingualism -- Language and migration -- Languages in contact -- Languages and nation-building -- What is a language anyway? -- Multilingualism and the individual -- Multilingualism and society -- Key points -- Activities and discussion points -- Further reading -- 3 Education in multilingual societies -- Languages, politics and education -- Marginalized languages -- Minority languages and majority speakers -- Key points -- Activities and discussion points -- Further reading -- 4 Multiliteracies -- What is literacy? -- What are the issues for literacy in more than one language? -- How is biliteracy best developed? -- Key points -- Activities and discussion points -- Further reading -- 5 The politics and practice of literacy teaching -- Language, literacy and power -- How do bilingual students learn to read? -- Learning to write in multilingual settings -- Key points -- Activities and discussion points -- Further reading -- 6 Language, literacy and culture -- What counts as literacy? -- How do we explain differences in literacy achievement? -- How have parents reacted? -- How do children reconcile home and school? -- How can schools best support children's literacies? -- Key points -- Activities and discussion points -- Further reading -- 7 Resources for learning -- The shortage of materials -- Kinds of resources -- Innovative approaches -- The economics of minority language publishing -- Key points -- Activities and discussion points -- Further reading -- 8 Making change in multilingual classrooms -- The need for training -- Approaches to continuing professional development -- So what does effective CPD look like? -- International collaboration -- Key points