Backfill mining has become a key sustainable solution for waste management and ground control in underground mines, valued for its efficiency and environmental benefits. Recent research has significantly advanced backfill methods, materials, and system performance, driving broader industry adoption. This Special Issue highlights innovative studies across multiple dimensions, from fundamental material properties under dynamic loads to practical applications like improved dewatering and optimized mining techniques. Key contributions explore material enhancements through fiber reinforcement and thermal treatment, as well as operational improvements in scheduling and curing agent development.