Author Description

The twentieth century is a pivotal period in map history. Imperialism, industrialization, globalization, and other forces drove mapping into enhanced and unprecedented roles. The transition from paper to digital formats led to previously unimaginable dynamic and interactive maps. Geographic information systems radically altered cartographic institutions and reduced the skill required to make maps. Satellite positioning and mobile communications revolutionized wayfinding, while technologies for imaging the Earth from above enhanced the efficiency of mapping and surveillance. In a century marked by accelerating growth, mapping evolved as an important worldwide tool for coping with complexity, organizing knowledge, and influencing public opinion in all parts of the globe.