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Chapter IV "The expression of ideas by manual signs: a sign-language" from Walter E. Roth's 1897 publication titled Ethnological studies among the North-West-Central Queensland Aborigines (pages 71-90). Roth states the information is collected from the following peoples: Pitta-Pitta, Boinji, Ulaolinya, Wonkajera, Walookera, Undekerebina, Kalkadoon, Mitakoodi, Woonamurra, and Goa. He describes the signs collected as "idea-grams", although it is possible to speak of them constituting a sign language.