Argues that it is necessary to achieve increased economic equality before many social inequalities can be addressed; research addressed questions such as the appropriate scale and types of business most likely to have commercial success with Indigenous communities; discusses the meaning of development; the economic system of remote Indigenous communities in Northern Australia; impact of land rights and native title; historical context of Indigenous pastoral properties in the Northern Territory; methodology for investigation Indigenous enterprise; case study of the Warai Pastoral Enterprise; policy implications from results of research.