Author Description

In the eleventh and twelfth centuries, Toledo was one of the major frontiers of Christian Spain, but it was not a Christian space during this period. The ecclesiastical bias of the chronicles and the surviving documents, however, almost obliterate the presence of Muslims in the landscape. A close reading of these sources, supported by recent archeological finds and better identification of place names, support a re-interpretation of the people who settled there and the forces that drove them.