Author Description

This analytical paper builds on and expands the discussions that took place in Tallinn, by: 1. Introducing the reader to the key elements of performance management through Management- by-Objectives (MbO) and defining key analytical terms. 2. Reviewing the key findings, discusses 'lessons learned' and offering selected illustrations of PES experiences which are mainly based on discussions during the workshop and desk research. 3. Presenting a fully developed, in-depth portrayal of three of the most advanced PES in matters of performance management, each with particular strengths that can guide reform efforts and stimulate further discussions (the evidence is based on document reviews and several interviews with PES representative from Austria, Germany and Estonia). 4. Finally, drawing general conclusions and succinctly summarising the key lessons learned.