The aim of this handbook is to summarize the recent rapidly developed real-time computing technologies, from theories to applications. This handbook benefits the readers as a full and quick technical reference with a high-level historic review of technology, detailed technical descriptions and the latest practical applications. In general, the handbook is divided into three main parts (subjected to be modified): theory, design, and application covering different but not limited to the following topics:<br>- Real-time operating systems<br>- Real-time scheduling<br>- Timing analysis<br>- Programming languages and run-time systems<br>- Middleware systems <br>- Design and analysis tools <br>- Real-time aspects of wireless sensor networks <br>- Energy aware real-time methods