Under Pressure And Support From The Federal Government, States Have Increasingly Turned To Indicators Based On Student Test Scores To Evaluate Teachers And Schools, As Well As Students Themselves. The Focus Thus Far Has Been On Test Scores In Those Subject Areas Where There Is A Sequence Of Consecutive Tests, Such As In Mathematics Or English/language Arts With A Focus On Grades 4-8. Teachers In These Subject Areas, However, Constitute Less Than Thirty Percent Of The Teacher Workforce In A District. Comparatively Little Has Been Written About The Measurement Of Achievement In The Other Grades And Subjects. This Volume Seeks To Remedy This Imbalance By Focusing On The Assessment Of Student Achievement In A Broad Range Of Grade Levels And Subject Areas, With Particular Attention To Their Use In The Evaluation Of Teachers And Schools In All. It Addresses Traditional End-of-course Tests, As Well As Alternative Measures Such As Portfolios, Exhibitions, And Student Learning Objectives. In Each Case, Issues Related To Design And Development, Psychometric Considerations, And Validity Challenges Are Covered From Both A Generic And A Content-specific Perspective--back Cover. The Challenges To Measurement In An Era Of Accountability: Introduction And Overview / Henry Braun -- Design And Development Of End-of-course Tests For Student Assessment And Teacher Evaluation / Steve Ferrara And Denny Way -- Design And Implementation Considerations Of Performance-based And Authentic Assessments For Use In Accountability Systems / Scott F. Marion And Katie Buckley -- Psychometric Considerations For Performance-based Assessments And Student Learning Objectives / Suzanne Lane And Charles Depascale -- General Introduction To Evidence-centered Design / Geneva D. Haertel, Terry P. Vendlinski, Daisy Rutstein, Angela Debarger, Britte H. Cheng, Eric B. Snow, Cynthia D'angelo, Christopher J. Harris, Louise Yarnall, And Liliana Ructtinger -- Validity And Accountability: Test Validation For 21st-century Educational Assessments / Stephen G. Sireci And Amanda Soto -- Commentary: Can Campbell's Law Be Mitigated? / Derek C. Briggs -- Arts Assessment In An Age Of Accountability: Challenges And Opportunities In Implementation, Design, And Measurement / Scott C. Shuler, Timothy S. Brophy, F. Robert Sabol, Susan Mcgreevy-nichols, And Mary J. Schuttler -- Assessment Issues In World Languages / Margaret E. Malone And Paul Sandrock -- Use Of Evidence-centered Design In Assessment Of History Learning / Kadriye Ercikan, Peter Seixas, Pamela Kaliski, And Kristen Huff -- Assessing The Life Sciences: Using Evidence-centered Design For Accountability Purposes / Geneva D. Haertel, Terry P. Vendlinski, Daisy Rutstein, Angela Debarger, Britte H. Cheng, Cindy Ziker, Christopher J. Harris, Cynthia D'angelo, Eric B. Snow, Marie Bienkowski, And Liliana Ructtinger -- Assessing Physical And Earth And Space Science In The Context Of The Nrc Framework For K-12 Science Education And The Next Generation Science Standards / Nathaniel J.s. Brown, Scott S. Maderer, And James Wood -- Transforming Assessment In Mathematics: Introduction / Patricia A. Klag And Friedrich L. Kluempen Edited By Henry Braun. Includes Bibliographical References And Index.