This market-leading text has been heavily revised while maintaining its focus on struggling readers and emphasizing classroom-based, teacher-driven approaches to assessment and remediation. Understanding Reading Problems, 6/e, integrates authentic vignettes and case studies and clear, vivid writing with the latest research. Expanded coverage of portfolio assessment, lexiles and guided reading levels, running records and other informal observation procedures, developmental spelling stages, emergent literacy assessments, assessing and teaching students with limited English proficiency, and practical strategies for adapting instruction for special-needs students in inclusion classrooms make the 6th edition the foremost text in its field.