This market-leading resource features classroom-based, teacher-driven approaches to reading assessment and remediation. Understanding Reading Problems, Seventh Edition, maintains its focus on struggling readers, with significant new coverage of ELL and of readers with special needs. The authors integrate authentic vignettes and case studies with clear, vivid writing featuring the latest research. Expanded coverage of portfolio assessment, lexiles and guided reading levels, running records, developmental spelling stages, emergent literacy assessments, assessing and teaching students with limited English proficiency, and practical strategies for adapting instruction for special-needs students in inclusive classrooms make this Seventh Edition the foremost book in its field.