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Pp. 70-80 deal with the debate on the rise of antisemitism in Austria at the end of the 19th century among socialists, many of whom were Jewish (Viktor Adler, Otto Bauer, Karl Kautsky, and others). In socialist circles, antisemitism was analyzed in a Marxist light. Antisemitism was considered and defined as an anachronistic reaction to the newest developments of capitalism. Pp. 453-497, "La nascita dell'antisemitismo", comment on the rise of antisemitism in Germany under Bismarck's rule (1862-90). Mentions Adolf Stöcker and Heinrich von Treitschke, who furiously opposed the influence of the Jewish banker Gerson von Bleichröder. Comments, also, on Otto Böckel, Theodor Frisch, and Wilhelm Marr, representatives of the new antisemitic trend, which based its hatred for the Jews on racist arguments, which would later set the foundations of Nazism.