The Creation Of The World Trade Organization (1995) Ushered In A New Era In World Trading Arrangements. This Text Explains How The Wto Functions, And How It Relates To The General Agreement On Trades And Tariffs (gatt). Contents; List Of Figures; List Of Tables; List Of Boxes; List Of Abbreviations; Introduction; Part I: The Global Trading System; 1. The Trading System In Perspective; 1.1. Trade And Global Integration; 1.2. Trade And Trade Agreements In History; 1.3. Functions Of The Multilateral Trading System; 1.4. From Gatt To Wto; 1.5. The Challenge Of Global Cooperation; 1.6. Further Reading; Part Ii: The Institution; 2. The World Trade Organization; 2.1. Scope, Functions And Structure Of The Wto; 2.2. Decision-making; 2.3. Transparency: Notification And Surveillance; 2.4. Accession 2.5. The Wto And Other International Organizations2.6. Nongovernmental Actors And The Wto; 2.7. Conclusion; 2.8. Further Reading; 3. Dispute Settlement And Enforcement Of Rules; 3.1. The Wto Dispute Settlement Procedures; 3.2. Operation Of The System; 3.3. Systemic Issues; 3.4. The Domestic Dimensions Of Enforcement; 3.5. Conclusion; 3.6. Further Reading; 4. Negotiating Forum; 4.1. Overview Of Negotiating Rounds; 4.2. Multilateral Trade Liberalization; 4.3. Interest Groups And Lobbying Activity; 4.4. Reciprocity And The Mechanics Of Negotiations 4.5. A Typology Of Key Aspects Of Trade Negotiations4.6. Further Reading; Part Iii: The Multilateral Trade Agreements; 5. Trade In Goods; 5.1. Tariffs, Para-tariffs And Indirect Taxes; 5.2. Quantitative Restrictions And Import Licensing; 5.3. Customs Clearance-related Provisions; 5.4. Subsidies; 5.5. State Trading Enterprises; 5.6. Technical Regulations And Product Standards; 5.7. Sanitary And Phytosanitary Measures; 5.8. Trade-related Investment Measures; 5.9. Conclusion; 5.10. Further Reading; 6. Sector-specific Multilateral Trade Agreements; 6.1. Agriculture; 6.2. Textiles And Clothing 6.3. The Information Technology Agreement6.4. Conclusion; 6.5. Further Reading; 7. Trade In Services; 7.1. Conceptual And Empirical Issues; 7.2. Barriers And Potential Gains From Reform; 7.3. The Uruguay Round Negotiations; 7.4. The Gats; 7.5. Sector-specific Negotiations And Agreements; 7.6. Electronic Commerce; 7.7. The Challenge Of Expanding The Gats; 7.8. Conclusion; 7.9. Further Reading; 8. Protection Of Intellectual Property; 8.1. Intellectual Property And International Trade; 8.2. International Conventions And Gatt History; 8.3. The Uruguay Round Negotiations 8.4. Wto Rules On Intellectual Property Rights8.5. Implementation Concerns And Challenges; 8.6. Conclusion; 8.7. Further Reading; Part Iv: Holes And Loopholes; 9. Safeguards And Exceptions; 9.1. Renegotiation Of Concessions; 9.2. Waivers; 9.3. Emergency Protection And Vers; 9.4. Antidumping Actions; 9.5. Measures To Countervail Subsidized Imports; 9.6. Trade Restrictions For Balance Of Payments Purposes; 9.7. Infant Industry Protection; 9.8. General Exceptions; 9.9. Conclusion; 9.10. Further Reading; 10. Regional Integration; 10.1. Motivations For Regional Economic Integration 10.2. Gatt Article Xxiv: Preferential Trade Agreements Bernard M. Hoekman, Michel M. Kostecki. Description Based Upon Print Version Of Record. Includes Bibliographical References (p. [507]-540) And Index. English